About us
This is a YDNA, mtDNA, and Family Finder project for ALL families of Johnston County!
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE BEHIND AUTOSOMAL TESTING--A Kindergarten Level Explanation
This looks at all your DNA and can be very helpful paired with YDNA to prove a line. Autosomal DNA testing for genetic genealogy can really only work up to 7 generations but even then it's not the most accurate thing. I would say 6 generations is when it is still accurate. A tool I use is called DNA Painter Basically you can use this tool to see how many cM's you should share with someone or you can reverse it! See what relationship you should be with someone at x amount of centimorgans.
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE BEHIND Y-DNA TESTING--A Kindergarten Level Explanation Only males have a Y chromosome. This Y-chromosome is known to be transmitted from father to son virtually unchanged at conception. Testing the Y-chromosome provides information about the direct male line (the surname line), meaning the father to his father to his grandfather and so on. Specific locations tested on the Y-chromosome are called "DYS markers." Occasionally a mutation occurs at one of the markers on the Y-chromosome at conception. A mutation is simply a small change in the DNA sequence--sometimes called a copying error. They are natural occurrences and take place at random though infrequent intervals. Overall, they are estimated to occur once every 500 years per marker. Thus, mutations can be valuable in identifying branches of a family tree. Each marker has a name assigned to it by the scientific community, such as DYS #123, DYS #456 or HATA H4, etc. The scientists classify these markers as Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) because at each of these marker locations, a short DNA code repeats itself. The value reported for a marker is the number of times the code repeats at that location and is called the "allele value." As an example, the number of repeats that one male might have on DYS #123 could be 12 repeats. Another male might have 15 repeats on that same DYS #123. The number of markers (DYS numbers) tested depends on the test ordered--12 markers, 25 markers, 37 markers, 67 markers, 111 markers or 700 markers. The result will be a string of values at each DYS marker tested that in combination produces what is called a haplotype or DNA signature for the person testing. We would then be able to tell that two males of the same surname with matching DNA "haplotypes" or DNA signatures likely share a common male ancestor at some point in the past. The closer the matches, the more recent in time the common ancestor is predicted to be. Too many mismatches and we know those two males are not apt to share a common ancestor. The haplotype of STR values can usually predict the "haplogroup" to which a person belongs which points to deep ethnic origins. Two people who do NOT share the same basic haplogroup will NEVER be related through Patrilineal lines. A predicted haplogroup can be confirmed by a different type of test to determine the presence or absence of specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms or SNPs.
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE BEHIND AUTOSOMAL TESTING--A Kindergarten Level Explanation
This looks at all your DNA and can be very helpful paired with YDNA to prove a line. Autosomal DNA testing for genetic genealogy can really only work up to 7 generations but even then it's not the most accurate thing. I would say 6 generations is when it is still accurate. A tool I use is called DNA Painter Basically you can use this tool to see how many cM's you should share with someone or you can reverse it! See what relationship you should be with someone at x amount of centimorgans.
THE BASIC PRINCIPLE BEHIND Y-DNA TESTING--A Kindergarten Level Explanation Only males have a Y chromosome. This Y-chromosome is known to be transmitted from father to son virtually unchanged at conception. Testing the Y-chromosome provides information about the direct male line (the surname line), meaning the father to his father to his grandfather and so on. Specific locations tested on the Y-chromosome are called "DYS markers." Occasionally a mutation occurs at one of the markers on the Y-chromosome at conception. A mutation is simply a small change in the DNA sequence--sometimes called a copying error. They are natural occurrences and take place at random though infrequent intervals. Overall, they are estimated to occur once every 500 years per marker. Thus, mutations can be valuable in identifying branches of a family tree. Each marker has a name assigned to it by the scientific community, such as DYS #123, DYS #456 or HATA H4, etc. The scientists classify these markers as Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) because at each of these marker locations, a short DNA code repeats itself. The value reported for a marker is the number of times the code repeats at that location and is called the "allele value." As an example, the number of repeats that one male might have on DYS #123 could be 12 repeats. Another male might have 15 repeats on that same DYS #123. The number of markers (DYS numbers) tested depends on the test ordered--12 markers, 25 markers, 37 markers, 67 markers, 111 markers or 700 markers. The result will be a string of values at each DYS marker tested that in combination produces what is called a haplotype or DNA signature for the person testing. We would then be able to tell that two males of the same surname with matching DNA "haplotypes" or DNA signatures likely share a common male ancestor at some point in the past. The closer the matches, the more recent in time the common ancestor is predicted to be. Too many mismatches and we know those two males are not apt to share a common ancestor. The haplotype of STR values can usually predict the "haplogroup" to which a person belongs which points to deep ethnic origins. Two people who do NOT share the same basic haplogroup will NEVER be related through Patrilineal lines. A predicted haplogroup can be confirmed by a different type of test to determine the presence or absence of specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms or SNPs.